BLOOD INFUSION WARMER

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Abstract:


            Temperature maintenance is the prime consideration for the effective and safe handling of the patient. Mistakes regarding to it can lead to life-threatening condition for the patient. The normal body temperature of human is 37.5 deg. Celsius. The blood from blood bank is at lower temperature.It is dangerous to directly infuse cool blood in patient. 







      To avoid hypothermic adverse effects in the patient body while transfusion,real time comparision of blood bag temperature and patient body temperature and accordingly heating is provided to IV line upto themal equilibrium. Thermistor is a very suitable temperature sensor with NTC (Negative temperature co-efficient) is the heart of the WARMER FOR BLOOD INFUSION and is in form of bridge configuration.
       The device can be hand-held or fixed on IV panel near the patient bed. Blood warmer has advantages of no contamination,easy manipulation, portability ,clear digital temperature indication, with fast result.As being a recent concept based device-it has also limitations and challenges like inability to cool the heated blood and restriction on use i.e. must with doctors prescription.

         
         Here is a model which has the same function with use of electronic circuitry at beginner level to better understand the above stated concept of warming of blood. With the latest electronic circuitry comprising of PID programmed micro controller, and audible alarm system the blood infusion warmer can be made more dynamic but more costly. Undoubtedly, the actual device is altogether different with the aspects of component specifications, accuracy, dynamical and appearance.We are taking water or dextrose in stead of blood. But, this project is sufficient to provide functional simulation to the actual real-time warmer for blood infusion. 


Block Diagram:




Working Principle:

       The main concept behind this project is use of temperature difference signal for proportional heating of the cold blood. This difference is of two temperatures one of patient body and second one Of blood bag. As, sensing range of thermistor is in microvolts, directly the error signal can be given as input to the heating circuit because it will provide insufficient heat production.So,it is required to be properly amplified.


     It is not the actual design but at the beginning phase with almost simulation of basic function of the warmer.So,the component specifications may differ from the actual one. The blood stored at lower temperature to lower the metabolic rate and bacterial growth.Now,if it is directly infused in the patient body,it leads to a life-threatening situation due to adverse reaction of normal blood and transfused blood named as “Hypothermia”. The result is shearing of blood cells,slow metabolism due to hypodynamia,ague, spasm of blood vessel,arthrosisache,stomachache,platelet dysfunction, increase in blood viscosity,disturbed CVS function. 
     To avoid it,BLOOD INFUSION WARMER is used.This device heats the blood of the blood bag till it equals to the body temperature by detecting the temperature difference between both. Thus it is very needy instrument in operation theaters,I.C.U.s or in other environment which needs transfusion therapy to prevent mishaps related with low temperature blood transfusion.

Tools Required: 
  • Power supply 
  • Temperature sensor with bridge for blood bag temperature.
  • Temperature sensor with bridge for patient body temperature.
  • Instrumentation amplifier for channel-1.
  • Instrumentation amplifier for channel -2
  • Differential amplifier for obtaining temperature difference. 
  • Voltage to Current converter 
  • Power amplifier
  • Heating element.
  • ADC-Analog-TO Digital converter 
  • Micro controller. Audible alarm circuit. 



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